THE KARDASHEV SCALE

Kardashev Scale is a scale that defines technological development of civilizations. The method of this scale is doing that according to energy amount that can be used for communication. Scale has 3 categories those determined as a type 1, type 2 and type 3.

We will explain below those 3 categories;

Type 1 civilization: It named as a Planetary Civilization. This civilization can use and stock the energy that comes from near stars.

Type 2 civilization: This kind of civilizations can take and use all of energy of near stars. The most popular project of humanity to be type 2 civilization is Dyson Ball. To sum up, Dyson Ball Project aim to cover all around of Sun with Solar Collectors.

Type 3 civilization: These civilizations can use, collect and stock all energy of galaxy that they are living in it. This type of scale is totally hypothetical.

Why Kardashev Scale did named like this?

At first in 1964 Soviet Astronom Nikolay Kardaşev submitted this idea.

In 2012, the world energy consumption(tüketim) was 553 eczajoules (553×10¹⁸ J=153,611 TWh), which is equivalent to 17.54 TW of power usage, i.e. 0.724 on Sagan's scale.

DEAD LANGUAGES

Language is communication equipment between ancient communities and new generations. Ancient civilizations created languages to be able to live with each other.  In recent years, experts explored that the end of some languages is coming.

The term of ‘dead language’ is used for languages which are not using by anybody. So, why do end of languages come?

• If there is no any institution or community that protects language, this language will be ownerless.
• If the population of a language ending steadily and number of people do not increase this status brings end of language.

This kind of reasons effect end of languages. Although ending language is sad it has pros and cons from different angles. Actually dying languages means that there will be less languages for people. When someone go somewhere, he/she won’t need to learn another language. People can easily live everywhere with one language. Same languages creates same cultures, same cultures make same emotions for events. Another claim is that most of languages which are dead, they are useless in daily life. There are rare people speaking those languages and they are hard to use for scientific research, to write articles. The common ground for those languages is that those languages are spoken in very limited space. Those are example for languages which are died;

• Phoenician language
• Akkadian language
• Hittite language
• Khazar language
• Khitaian Khitaian

The stubborn fact is that language is not just a language. Language has sentimental values. Language means at the same time that cultural heritage and connection with past of community. Language is a link that keeps people with each other. Communities create a common history with their languages. National culture is first and the most important factor for countries. The way to be an original nations is having a independent language.

Taking into account all of these pros and cons, in my opinion the sentimental values are more important. Because when a language died, the culture die too. Culture is sine qua non for a nation. All of the countries whic are assimilated started to assimilated with losing their language.

MATERIALISM

Materialism is a philosophical viewpoint. Materialism has been developed in three age;

• Axial Age,
• Middle Age and
• Enlightenment Age.

According to materialists there is no anything that is metaphysical. Everything, even consciousness is a item. The theory of Materialism expresses that physical items are only or main reality.

Materialists asks those questions to humanity 'Where does reality come from?  What is essential of the reality?' For Idealistic approach in philosophy, soul and consciousness is main of life. 'Item' is main for materialism.

The principles of Materialism;

• Information comes from owing to observations and experiences.
• Appearance, cannot be explained by God or Soul otherwise the 'item' of appearance can be ignored.
• Everything comes from items continued as a item.

In ancient China, Xun Zi (b.c.312-230) developed confucianism theory based on realism and materialism.

In the beginning of 12 century, Arabic philosopher Ibn-Tufayl wrote a novel named Hayy bin Yaqzan. It was about materialism thinking.

Schopenhauer refer from materialism as a 'philosophy that forget to regard itself'. According to Schopenhauer, 'consciousness and item (it means subject and object) is identical thing that saw/looked from different sides.

MIRACLES

Miracles can be described as an metaphysical status or exception. Generally the miracles cannot be explained with scientific facts. As much as we understand from researchers and scientific studies, miracles told to us from religions or from old civilizations. We can see most of the miracles in fairy tale, myths, and sacred books. 

Miracles had been defined by the experts in 3 figure;

• Sensorial,
• Informative,
• Rational

miracles.

Sensorial miracles just for group which will effect from miracle and it is bordered by time and place.

Informative miracles given information to somebody before events happens.

Miracles which are in the sacred books are supports from God to prophet to show that religion is right. This is an example for rational miracle.

Most of people confuse the magics with miracles. There is a tiny difference between magics and miracles. Magics are opticial illusion and sense illusion however miracles mostly comes from divine sources.  Magics totally base on tools and movements. Magics are human phenomenon.

When looked from theological angle, there is a difference between miracle and divination. Miracles are just for prophets but divination is something extraordinary that given to rare people.

LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT SCHOOLS

Language is a communication channel for people to be able to live in society. Societies connect by language with each other.  Learning a foreign language is very important to connect with foreign people. School is a place for being able to learn a foreign language by lessons. Some experts are saying learning a foreign language in primary school is more effective according to learning a foreign language in secondary schools.

The world is changing. Societies have so many mutual relations such as economic, social, cultural, scientific etc. People will need to be more ' worldhuman' in the future like 'renaissance human' in the past. Historians are explaining the renaissance human like this; a person who improved himself/herself in every kind of art or a person who read so many books in his/her time. Experts are explained the world human like this; a person who is open to new cultures, open to new developments and to be understand every kind of people from different countries. 20. century people to being able to do new reforms, new scientifically improvements, new technological developments they have to learn first of all new foreign languages. Otherwise, they will be stayed in their old worlds.

According to my opinion who has two native language, I agree with experts who supports learning a foreign language in the primary schools.  Learning a foreign language in the smaller ages has several benefits like;

-can improve confident

-can have more fun while learning

-can be more active while learning

-can improve scientifically and mathematically talents

-can have faster and truer information from sources

-can adapt to new differences easily

-can be easier to learn third language

Summarily,  learning a foreign language in small ages will not improve just language abilities and also will be positive effect consciousness. Children who educated language in smaller ages are more focusable and they can think more truly.

WEIGHT OF PEOPLE AND DECRISING OF HEALTH

        Nutrition is one of the most necessary factors of human life. Eating habits has been change in 21 century because of fast-food restaurants and other factors. Unhealthiness and weight of people, has been increased same causes in some countries.

       Being very fat and don't doing sports has been described with word of obesity in literature. Being very fat and don't doing sports has been described with word of obesity in literature. Nowadays, we started frequently hear ''The unhealthiness and the weight of people increased'' in Televisions. Motionlessness has been increased by improving technology. Obesity, has been reached to the highest rates in developed countries. More than half of 671 million obese people are living in USA, China, India, Russia, Brazil, Egypt, Germany, Pakistan and Endonesia. When we look at those counted countries, we may observe those factors;

• Excessive and incorrect eating habits
• Insufficient physical activity
• Drinking alcohol and smoking
• The number of births and the dec between births
• Income status

Obesity has been increased by those issues in those countries. Research shows that the following factors may affect overweight;

• Age
• Gender
• Educational background 
• Socio-cultural factors
• Hormonal and metabolic factors
• Genetic factors

      In order to protect people from being unhealthy and overweight, attention can be paid to the following article;

• Physical activity
• Avoiding prepared foods
• Drinking enough water
• Paying attention to sugar consumption

   Prevention of obesity should begin in childhood. Because of that families, children and communities should educate about being healthy individuals. Governments or People should support Non governmental organizations about health, sports etc. Otherwise, Generations who will come after us will be more unhealthier then us.

GOOD MEMBERS OF SOCİETY

Societies made by so many different communities. Children are the youngest individuals of the societies. The meaning of youngest, sometimes can be the people who need to educate very well. In that point, the adults divided to 2 groups. The first group think that; ‘Children can be extremely good members of society at schools’. The other group think that; ’The best place to educate children is their home’.

Family is the smallest community in the social life. The stubborn fact is that, education is starting with families. According to studies, Parents shouldn’t impose on their truth to children because the social life’s rules are changing by going. Parents should show which things bad and which things good for general society and also there are several academical studies about this subject. When we investigated the thesis that studied about this subject, we saw that the resources also differed in their thesis. The thesis showed us that, in every part of life, effects of the families is continuing. The effects are starting in mother’s womb. While parents show their love dotingly to their babies, it is effecting in a good side. Otherwise, if parents smoke, drink alcohol or quarrels by loudly in front of the babies, that is effecting the  subconscious of the babies. When they grow up and become members of society, they will be self-enclosed  and valetudinary individuals. Those children are more likely to be people who bother people, exact a tribute, beg, than people who grew up in other healthy environments. When children started to go to schools, teachers may see those effects in children. As a matter of fact, for the people who are in second group, the schools are useful places for children to show their characters. Families can observe behaviours of children how they educated the children. When we come to first group, if parents didn’t be careful about their children, in other words, if parents let everything to educators and do not analyse behaviour of children, they can encounter with unintended consequences. Educators surely can teach science and social societies rules to children. But, They can’t be able to teach purely one by one children. There are on an average 20-25 child in the classrooms so it can be hard to roll out the red carpet for every child. School or another education places have advantages for observe, analyse, discern and effect children. Those advantages listed below;

• Children can be more social individuals at schools.
• Easy to have confidence.
• The best place to learn being respectful.
• Learning what is the benefits of sharing.
• Learning how to live in regular societies.
• Because of like those reasons, schools are impactful places for children.

As far as I'm concerned, the people who advocating those two assertion have reportedly correct. Schools are great places for children to improve their capability, a philosophy of life, self-improvement with living in society. Homes are strictly private for children too. Parents can improve cognitive development of the children at home. While children in 2 years old, their emotional intelligence is improving and while children in 3 years old, their mathematical intelligence is improving. Hence, we should say they are just children and treat randomly. We need to be conscious of that. All of things that we dwelled on, effects the children about being a good member of society.

WATER RECYCLE

Oceans are big masses of water. This water does not just stand still but keeps its cycle in the nature. Having a significant importance in our lives, oceans can also serve us as a resource for drinking water. At first, water evaporates from these oceans by the warming effects of the sun. Then, this vapor turns into clouds. When the clouds meet a cold layer in the atmosphere, the vapor is cooled and falls back on Earth as rain via precipitation. This event usually occurs around mountain area. The rain is usually stored as ice and snow on the mountains, and some of this rain runs down into the valleys as rivers and streams. Meanwhile, some of this water is absorbed by the ground and it goes underground. Later, the water finds its way to the surface and streams into rivers and join them on their way back to the oceans. Eventually, the water reaches to the oceans to restart its journey within the water cycle. Finally, the cycle starts all over again.

Selling fur must be ban or not ?

According to me, The fur absouletly should band. Because the fur made by animal which are extinct animal, like some kind of shark, lion, corcodille, bird like ostrich people made with their. Hair or something like that, pillow, jacket, bag so it must be band. But some of scientist working with this things. But they are using plume of chicken for some substructure desing. For example, My teacher study about it. But there is another perspective. For example, we are secrifice some ox. We can't throw their skins to garbage so we need to evaluate them like pillow, accesory, prayer rug or shoes, jacket, because it's already will be. So if we evaluate them. It's better. But for extinct animal we must not do it. Because they are already a few and we should protect them. For fur very animal killed. And while they are doing that they are feeling honorly. It's just ego of people. Rich people want to show theirselves with like value clothes to other people or just for fashion. That is unsufferable.

Will we still use the credit card in the future ?

As to me, the credit cards are useful for many people so we will still use it. Even if, at least it's makesense will be like now. Because 5 years is not long time. Maybe after 15-20 years. And there is another thing which is people run away from the credit card. Because of they can't take theirselves and spend a lot of money. If people still use it, they will be poor and they can lost everything which is they have, with distraint.

If we look at that topic about normal, I mean as salary card. It's more useful than cash. Because we can't put our all money in wallet. We can use just a card and use it for everything. Also it's not debt, it's our money. It's very beneficial. But if we use the credit card in a good way it's very beneficial to. Because,Sometimes we don't have money, in this situation we use credit card and pay our debt when we had. Finally we should use it in a beneficial and propotional way. So we will still use credit card in the future.

Pros and cons of taking children to the circus

There is many way for explaning it. The reasons that I am going to list below are the pros and cons of the topic.

First way about children; When children go to the circus. The pros is they can see the private animal and their show. They can feel shock and impressive. Because they can't see them in normal life or normal places. And maybe they can understand 'people are very strong, even if lion elephant or pig stuff like that.

Second way about animal; While people hunt this special animal they are being horrible and while they teach the animal they ar using very dangerous way. For example, As far as I know while people teach the bear dancing. They are heating the place where is the bear stand. And they are open a music. After that bear starting jump. When we see bear jump for get away from the hot we think it's dancing. Bear is starting when it hear the music it's automatically jumping. İt's awfull. This kind of thing valid for every animal who are in the sirk.

Third kind of psychology of children; When the children see this animal dancing. They will say but this animals so strong. How people teach this things, it's not normal. Maybe they can afraid. And sometimes animals are doing dangerous movement children can impress in a bad way.

Pros and cons of alternative medicine

Actually when we look at in first time we can think it's very good and it hasn't disavantage but some of old women and some of herbalistdon't know harm of some plant. Because we can't use all of the plant as a medicine. Sometimes just leaf, sometimes just root useful. But the herbalists are selling all of the plant and don't say which part of plant useful so it'sso dangerous for people. People have to know how many times can we drink plant tea. People don't know it.  Finally they are being ill. 

I want to tell you another perspective of this things. İn some villages people can't go to doctor or the ambulances are late. So they are strating to believe hodja or old women. They are starting to prefer go to hodja or old women. 

I want to finis my paragraph with a sentence;

EVERYTHİNG İS POİSON BUT İT DEPENDS ON DOSE !

Does technology work or distract people?

I think it depends on the person who are using technology in a good way or bad way. For example, if you are a scientist and who are trying to develop some invention, the technology absolutely helpful. At least, using the microsoft excel. It's appear very simple but it is life saver. To give an example I did a project and firstly I try to do it myself -I mean without microsoft excel- but It was very complicated So I need to use the microsoft excel. I swear I begin the afraid of the calculator. And If we wanna go to the space. We need to use king of the technology, like aircraft, like it's fuel, those are very different things and using them so hard. The humanity explored very big and too far things with telescope. And also very small life like microorganisms with microscope. Both of them are technology. We can add airplanes inside of benefits of technology. The areplanes are saving our life. İf we wanna go to too far country. We can go fastly by airplanes. All of them are technology's benefits.

But you are already know distrube of technology beacuse of people. They don't do anything. Just looking their screen and living like crazy. But it's not distrube of technology. It's the laziness of people.

Should all people have weapon ?

Definitely NO, because in the world where is a lot of crazy people. They can shoot you without reason. Right things can change from person to person. İn addittion, gun is not toy. People can use it easily.

Should energy drink be banned for students?

If you ask me I think it’s of course should be ban at least at school Because the students are already energetic so they don’t need to energy drink. Their energy enough for them. I think energy drink dangerous for their body. Also it has bad additive. And however they are children they can over conception these drinks. By the way there is an other important thing which is In schools and around the schools mustn’t selling these drinks. Maybe the government can Take a forgive him for this drink for example The government can say just people who are bigger than 18 years old can drink that drinks.

Does freedom of speech promote improvement?

It depends on the speakers. For example, if we don’t give permission to professor and who is perfect in his work. We can’t develop. Because we didn’t listen to true people. So we took wrong advice from false people.  We need to find true people for speak. Nowadays Everybody speak about everything. it’s very bad. The speaking confuse our mind. So we can conflict with true people. So sometimes we can band the people and listen true person. There is an another fact. If we support true people they can do value works. They can improve us and however the world. We should know that ‘someone can’t know everything’. If you know like this persons immediately Runaway !

Should eating junk food be banned in schools

In the schools junk food should band because of health of children. While the junk food produce, people put dangerous things inside of them. But there is an other act which is sometimes students have no choise so they eat junk food. Because, their family don't prepare or cannot prepare breakfast for them. So the parents should find a way for preparing breakfast for children. If they don't do that they can eat junk food.

Should there be advertisements in children's channels

There shouldn't be advertisement because some families don't reach so they can't buy toys. It's bad for parents. The parents will feel shy and bad. I think the advertisement can do the children greedy. When they be greedy they can be selfish, maybe they won't share their toys with other children. Some advertisement can disappointing children. If you ask me Why? I can say to you, The events which is in advertisement so exaggerated. Everything is very gingerbread in the advertisement but it's not like in normal life. For example barbie advertisement. There is everything happy. There is no problem. It can remove the children from normal life. Maybe there can be children who are have parents but some children's parents died or beat up the children. So they can jealous other children. Maybe some parents can't play with their children because of their job so they can't stay at home. Advertisers must take care this things!